Baroque music

Baroque music was something to imitate the idea of Baroque art. Painters like Bernini, Rubens and Rembrandt sought to create totally structured worlds. The Baroque style was influenced by many different groups of people. The aristocracy, the church as well as the middle class. Baroque art is a mixture of nationalism, sensuality and, materialism. Other events also took place during the Baroque era, the development of the scientific method and other advances in science for example medicine; mining and navigational advances were made. These changes allowed for more freedom of expression within society. No longer was life controlled by the church, people were now free to do what they really wanted to do. Since the church didnt have to support all forms of music now, secular music was able to develop more. The Scientific Revolution brought a new way of questioning ideas and principles. The revolution effected many areas of life including government, religion, as well as music. The music of the Baroque period contained a certain dramatic flair. The melodic lines imitated rhythms of speech. During the early Baroque period composers favored homophonic texture to that of polyphonic. They used only one main melody with chordal accompaniment. But homophonic texture is only characteristic of the early Baroque period. In the Late Baroque period polyphonic texture returned to favor. Also used heavily during the Baroque period was dissonance. Never before were such unstable chords so prominent. New ways of showing contrasts between timbres was shown, voice against orchestra, solo vocalist against chorus. In Early Baroque melodic lines were written for instruments to accompany voices. By 1680 major and minor scales had become the tonal basis for most pieces of music. The Late Baroque period began in 1680 and ended in 1750 with Bachs death. For the first time in musical history instrumental music was just as important if not mor...

Ratio Analysis And Overview Accounting Essay Essays

Ratio Analysis And Overview Accounting Essay Essays Ratio Analysis And Overview Accounting Essay Essay Ratio Analysis And Overview Accounting Essay Essay Ratio analysis is the most widely used technique for construing and comparing fiscal studies. Besides, ratios are utile for the intent of comparing public presentation from twelvemonth to twelvemonth and the public presentation of different companies given that their sum figures ever differ in magnitude. It s indispensable to observe that the aggregation of ratios on a systematic footing allows tendencies to emerge and throws into alleviation the significance of alterations indicated by the analysis of current events. Sing the fact that the hereafter is unsure, covering with ratios has to be merged with its past behavior therefore enabling future alterations be predicted. Hence the bottom line is, tendencies indicated by ratios are of great importance in doing valuable anticipations. Therefore in ratio analysis, it is nonmeaningful to see the public presentation of a company on twelvemonth or non comparing the ratio with other companies. Hence to do ratios mea ningful you ve got to compare it with old twelvemonth s ratios and even compare with your rivals. Ratio analysis is the most widely used technique for construing and comparing fiscal studies. Besides, ratios are utile for the intent of comparing public presentation from twelvemonth to twelvemonth and the public presentation of different companies given that their sum figures ever differ in magnitude. It s indispensable to observe that the aggregation of ratios on a systematic footing allows tendencies to emerge and throws into alleviation the significance of alterations indicated by the analysis of current events. Sing the fact that the hereafter is unsure, covering with ratios has to be merged with its past behavior therefore enabling future alterations be predicted. Hence the bottom line is, tendencies indicated by ratios are of great importance in doing valuable anticipations. Therefore in ratio analysis, it is nonmeaningful to see the public presentation of a company on twelvemo nth or non comparing the ratio with other companies. Hence to do ratios meaningful you ve got to compare it with old twelvemonth s ratios and even compare with your rivals. Consequently, in this analysis the fiscal public presentation of Hammerson plc will be evaluated and discussed sing the two latest old ages of Hammerson fiscal statements that is 2008 and 2009.This will be done utilizing its ratios classified under profitableness, efficiency, investing and liquidness. In this same analysis attending will be given on the restrictions of ratio analysis being used as a tool to measure the fiscal public presentation of Hammerson. As a beginning of research, more visible radiation will be given as a prognosis for Hammerson net income warning and particular events ; this is to buttress this analysis. Consequently, in this analysis the fiscal public presentation of Hammerson plc will be evaluated and discussed sing the two latest old ages of Hammerson fiscal statements that is 2008 and 2009.This will be done utilizing its ratios classified under profitableness, efficiency, investing and liquidness. In this same analysis attending will be given on the restri ctions of ratio analysis being used as a tool to measure the fiscal public presentation of Hammerson. As a beginning of research, more visible radiation will be given as a prognosis for Hammerson net income warning and particular events ; this is to buttress this analysis. Subsequently, ratios drawn from balance sheets, hard currency flow statement and net income and loss statement will be calculated. Subsequently, ratios drawn from balance sheets, hard currency flow statement and net income and loss statement will be calculated. Hammerson PLC Hammerson PLC Liquidity ratios20092008 Current ratio: Current assets374.7190.3 Current liabilities 280.8 253.8 = 1.3 to 1 = 0.7 to 1 Acid ratio: Currents assets- stocks the same as current ratio since no stocks Current liabilities Investing Ratios Net incomes per portion ( EPS ) : Net incomes ? 100 575 ?100 421 ? 100 Shares 136.8 426 =136.8p = 98.8p Gaining output: EPS ? 100 136.8 ? 100 98.8? 100 Monetary value per portion 334 277 = 40.95 % = 35.66 % Dividend per portion ( DPS ) : Dividend 42.7 ? 100 46.7 ?100 Ordinary portion capital 174.2 ? 4 72.7 ? 4 = 6.1 P = 16.1 P Dividend output: DPS ? 1006.1 ? 10016.1 ?100 Monetary value per portion 334 277 = 1.82 =5.8 Price/ gaining ratio: Monetary value per portion334277 EPS 136.8 98.8 =2.44 = 2.8 Efficiency ratios20092008 Debt ratio: Entire liabilities2719.43484.2 Entire plus 5337.1 7485.7 = 0.5 = 0.47 Equity ratio: Stockholder financess2546.72820.6 Entire assets 5337.1 7485.7 = 0.477 = 0.376 Debt to equity ratio: Entire debt2626.13339.6 Shareholder financess 2546.7 2820.6 = 1.03 = 1.18 Entire debt to entire plus: Debt + current liabilities ? 1002626.1 + 280.8 ? 1003339.6+253.8 ?100 Entire assets 5337.1 7485.7 = 54.47 % = 48 % Harmonizing to Glautier E and Underdown B, company fiscal public presentation has two facets which are of involvement to investors. First, the fiscal public presentation may be assessed by mention to its ability to bring forth net income hence in this instance ratios of fiscal efficiency focal point on net income and gross revenues and net income and assets employed. Second, the company s fiscal public presentation may be assessed in footings of the value of its portions to investors therefore ratios of fiscal public presentation focal point on gaining per portion, dividend output and the price/earning ratios. In this visible radiation and in conformity with the liquidness ratio, Hammerson current assets were more sufficient to cover its current liabilities by a factor of 1.3 to 1 in 2009 but dropped drastically in 2008 wherein Hammerson current assets were non able to cover its current liabilities. An review of the equity falling due within one twelvemonth shows the 2nd largest point after portion premium is for militias ( ?854, 700, 000 at 30th June 2009 and ? 68, 800, 000 for 30th June 2008 ) . Hammerson had ?68, 300, 000 of hard currency at bank on the 30th of June 2009 and ?38,300, 000 on the 30th of June 2008, a decrease of ?30, 500, 000, so it could look to hold adequate hard currency at the terminal to pay for its militias. Apart from militias Hammerson had accumulations every bit good, ? 21, 300, 300 for 30th June 2009 and ?21, 600, 000, this shows a decrease of ?300, 000, So we can presume that sing Hammerson hard currency at bank could cover both militias and accumulations. Howe ver, the point portion premium was instead traveling to cut down Hammerson hard currency at bank. Apparently, Hammerson appears to hold invested good because the hard currency flow statement shows that ?264, 200, 200 for 30th June 2009 and ?74, 100, 000 for 30th June 2008 as shutting hard currency and sedimentation. This decidedly had a valuable consequence on the hard currency flow in both old ages. Looking at the efficiency ratio, there is an addition from June 2008 to June 2009 in Hammerson ability to protect its creditors and how they can go on to merchandise on equity. The equity ratio of 0.376 for June 2008 and 0.477 for June 2009 hence we can state Hammerson can increase their extent of trading on equity because it s profitable. But the gearing state of affairs of Hammerson is hapless therefore demoing they have to borrow less and increase the capital invested by their stockholder. The tendency of the geartrain state of affairs for the two old ages shows that its unprofitable relying on adoptions. This genuinely seen by the per centum of financess Hammerson provided by creditors that is 48 % for 30th June 2008 and 54.47 % for 30th June 2009. There has being an addition in Hammerson profitableness shown by an addition in its net incomes per portion of 136.8p ( increase30th June 2009 and 98.8p for 30th June 2008 ) . Unfortunate the Price/earning ratios has dropped from ( 2.44 to 2.8 ) . Looking at the dividend ( 42.7 at 2009 and 46.7 at 2008 ) hence demoing a bead on the dividend thereby literally turn outing that the company has had a policy of merely paying a little proportion of dividends. This could therefore bring force per unit area from stockholders to increase the degree of dividends paid out but evidently the impact on hard currency flow would hold to be considered really earnestly. Accounting to Dyson, he suggests that the four methods of ratio analysis are interconnected. He thinks so because a extremely efficient company is besides a profitable one but it is besides suggested that its success has caused it to run into hard currency flow jobs. The market will entree its future public presentation and hence its investing potency. Hence the investing ratios should reflect satisfactory profitableness indexs or any liquidness jobs. Even though all the indexs are satisfactory, the investing indexs may be weak, perchance because the market thinks that the company has passed its extremum. Although ratio analysis is a tool used to measure the fiscal public presentation of a company, it s got some pitfalls/limitations which are indispensable in this analysis. When we take a expression at the fiscal statement provided by Hammerson it has been summarised go forthing off the profit/loss statement doing it impossible to cipher any of the profitableness ratios hence it does non give a true image of the company. Besides, if ratio analysis is used to two companies at that place becomes a job as no two companies will hold the same fiscal and concern hazard profile hence ratios ca nt be used to measure the public presentation of the two companies. For case, one company may be able to obtain bank loans at reduced rates and may demo high geartrain degrees while as another may non be successful in obtaining inexpensive rates and it may demo that it is runing at low pitching degree. The alterations in accounting criterions besides act as restriction to ratio analysis because different accounting criterions offers standard ways of recognising, mensurating and showing fiscal minutess. Any alteration in the criterions will impact the coverage of company and finally its comparism of consequences over different old ages. This has the same with different accounting policies that is the pick of accounting policies may falsify inter company comparings. For case IAS 16 allows assets to be based on either revalue sum or at depreciated historical cost. The concern may choose non to appreciate its plus because by making so the depreciation charge is traveling to be high and will ensue in lower net income. Decision devising is non hapless taking into consideration the historical cost. This is because where historical cost convention is used ; plus ratings in the balance sheet could be misdirecting. Ratios based on this information will non be really utile for determination devising. Furthermore, ratio analysis can non be used in instances where different companies have different capital constructions and sizes. To do comparing when 1 is wholly equity oriented and the other is a geared company, it becomes hard to do a comparing. Monetary value alterations besides have a function to play every bit far as the restrictions of ratio analysis are concerned. Inflation renders comparings of consequences over clip misleading as fiscal figures will non be within the same degrees of buying power. Changes in consequences over clip may demo as if the endeavor has improved its public presentation and place when in fact after seting for inflationary alterations it will demo the different image. As a decision, Ratio analysis is utile, but analysts should be cognizant of these jobs and do accommodations as necessary. Ratios analysis conducted in a mechanical, unreflective mode is unsafe, but if used intelligently and with good opinion, it can supply utile penetrations into the house s operations. The president said, The first half of the twelvemonth was a period of vigorous activity following which the company is now in a strong fiscal place. Looking frontward, we will concentrate on the four key countries. . First, our investing portfolio is of the really highest quality, consisting premier retail and office assets in the UK and France. We will actively pull off the portfolio to better the income and guarantee it is good positioned to profit from a recovery in markets. Second, our recent developments have the possible to be some of our best executing assets over the medium-term, and we will go on to concentrate on allowing the staying infinite. Third, we are prosecuting the planning and design elements of the development grapevine to guarantee we can work these undertakings when conditions permit. Fourth, we intend to take advantage of chances presented by the current markets, including recycling capital into investings offering higher returns. Hammerson are doing encouraging advancement in allowing our major developments, the last of which, Union Square in Aberdeen, will open in the fall. Approximately 67 % of the strategy s rental income has been secured or is in canvassers custodies. In the City of London, 60 Thread Needle Street and 125 Old Broad Street are severally 23 % and 75 % Lashkar-e-Taiba, with a farther 44 % of income at 60 Thread needle Street in canvassers custodies. Gross income will turn well as a consequence of late contracted rentals at these and other developments. This is a bow dramatis personae Hammerson upcoming particular events for this twelvemonth. Besides, Hammerson has received dainties in its fiscal place sing the fact that is has got a bead in its net income degree from 2008 to 2009 ; this is shown by a bead in its earning per portion for the two twelvemonth. Concerning Hammerson current portion monetary value of 379.97p demoing a bead of 9p hence a dainty to its future net incomes every bit good since there will be considerable bead in the figure of stockholders that earlier. In a concluding analysis and to reason every bit good, I think ratio analysis is a good to measure the fiscal public presentation of a company but should take some facts into consideration when analyzing. Furthermore, the tendency shown after the ratios were calculated was in little conformity with the president statement refering its profitableness and investing of the two old ages in inquiry. Mention J. R. Dyson ( 2005 ) . Accounting for non- accounting pupils. The Prentice Hall, 6th Edition. P 275 M W E Glautier and B Underdown ( 2007 ) . Accounting Theory and Practice. The Prentice Hall, 7TH Edition P 252 BILIOGRAPHY Elliot Barry and Elliot Jamies ( 2008 ) Financial Accounting and Reporting, ( 12th Edition ) Prentice Hall Wood, Frank and Sangster, Alan ( 2008 ) Business Accounting 1, ( 11th edition ) Prentice hall.

Airline industry and Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Airline industry and Internet - Essay Example In the paper the increased affordability of the passenger in respect of the ticketing facility has been focused. The expansion of services and the future benefits expected by the use of internet has also been dealt, with special reference to the Web 2.0 technology. The study deals with the revolutionary impact of Internet on the Airline industry. 1. Introduction: The improvement in technology has occurred in leaps in bounds over the decade. The popularity of technology has caused automation in almost every sector. The rise in use of technology has made the world technology dependent. In the present generation a task is performed with lot f ease and without the waste of any time. The inculcation of technology on the airline industry has benefitted significantly from the customers point of view. A wide range of services are in offer for the customers and ads further comfort in their air travel. The daily innovations in this field are opening up possibilities for further development and betterment of services being provided. 2. Ticketing without Queuing Airline industry has proved its dominance in the travel industry. Air-travel being the sole mode of transport in the entire overseas destination is one of the primary causes of its steady market. Other than the overseas travel, many passengers in domestic travel also opt for the mode because of the time factor and for availing a smooth travel. The facility of e-ticket services provided by all the airlines is surely one of the facilities provided in the airline industry. The automation in the airline ticketing system provided by the internet has also resulted in the increased revenue for the industry. Customers can order the ticket online, pay for through their credit cards and also get an e-version of the ticket within a short frame of time by accessing the internet. The introduction of airline ticket sale through the website of the company and through the travel websites has created a revolution in the ticket sale . Other than the time factor associated and the ease of the online ticket purchase consumers also have an opportunity to access a lot of options with different airlines before making a final decision. They also enjoy the factor of price transparency and compare the price options across different airlines. (Rubin & Joy, 2005, 223) Over the internet customers can take an in-depth knowledge of the different flights of their desired location and the variety of service offered by each of them. In purchasing tickets online consumers do not need to possess a great knowledge in Information technology. The platforms built for online ticket booking are very much user friendly and requires primary information to be feed in by the user. On successful filling of the information and making the necessary choice, customers can get an e-ticket. In purchasing an air ticket online passengers also can avail varieties of offers and discounts on the price, based on certain terms and conditions. The basic requirements for online booking of air ticket are a computer, internet connectivity and valid credit card. The popularity of the online booking system can be found from the table which studies the total number of online bookings made in the United States over the years. With the passage of time the modernization in technology is bringing in added service for the air passengers worldwide. Year Total number of on-line air ticket buyer % of total US airline booking 1999 48.1 5.9 2000 54.2 7.4 2001

Same sex marriage in the military Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Same sex marriage in the military - Coursework Example Simply put, there is no right to same-sex marriage, thus, homosexuals are not being denied their right. In fact, if one looks at the right of a child to be raised by both biological parents, the right of a man to be ensured of paternity, and the right of a woman to be with her child (Stacey 27) one sees that, not legalizing same-sex marriage protects many natural rights. Those who argue that same-sex marriages should be considered a civil right and should be treated just like any heterosexual monogamous marriage are doing so based on the principle of the Equal Protection Clause. This is, however, a flawed argument. It is absolutely wrong to consider that one’s constitutional rights ensure equal treatment in the area of marriage. One must understand with regard to equal treatment, the Constitution does not make reference to social relationships such as families, marriages, friendships, and the like (McVeigh and Maria-Elena 899). Two friends, who decide to consider their relatio nship a marriage, cannot go to the courts and demand equal protection rights just because they decided to consider their friendship a marriage. To do so is tantamount to saying that just because some people at a certain sports event pray together before the start of the event; courts are required under the equal protection law to allow these sports event goers to redefine the event as a religious ceremony. The government, as an example, recognizes a relationship between two contracting parties, one of whom agrees to mow the other’s lawn. However, the law governing the contracts does not define beforehand what kinds of contracts can be drawn. The law, instead, merely makes clear how binding a consensual contract is, and what legal obligations both agreeing parties have in fulfilling the contract. The law also clarifies the consequences should one or both parties breach stipulations in the contract (Bily 33). The role of the law is limited only to overseeing the relationship. I t does not create the relationship. If applied in the argument of same-sex marriage, this means that, for several centuries already, marriage laws have considered marriage under the classification of a bond between a man and a woman that normally leads to procreation (Bily 48). Same-sex relationships simply cannot fall under this category. The meaning of marriage gets completely redefined when two men marry each other and the same has become an issue that has come to the limelight. Gay marriage is a serious threat and it challenges the nature too and this is because two men can never reproduce and take their generation forward. They can adopt a child but they can never fulfill the gap left, that gap can only be fulfilled by a mother. The divorce rates are extremely high when two men or women marry each other and research goes to prove it. Heterosexual divorces are much less than homosexual divorces and this is another reason why people oppose gay marriages. Gay marriages have also c ome under intense scrutiny with regard to the tradition that the world has been following for many years. When it comes to mental health, it has been found that Gays are much less healthier than normal people and this is because of their genetic makeup, their way of walking, the way they talk differs from normal people and they are different from normal people. It can therefore be concluded that same-sex relationsh

The Indolence of the Filipino Essay Example for Free

The Indolence of the Filipino Essay The word indolence has been greatly misused in the sense of little love for work and lack of energy†¦In the Philippines one’s and another’s faults, the shortcomings of one, the misdeeds of another, are attributed to indolence. And just as in the Middle Ages he who sought the explanation of phenomena outside of infernal influences was persecuted, so in the Philippines worse happens to him who seeks the origin of the trouble outside of accepted beliefs. Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one. The Filipinos have not always been what they are, witnesses whereto are all the historians of the first years after the discovery of the Islands. All the histories of [the country’s] first years†¦abound in long accounts about the industry and agriculture of the natives; mines, gold-washings, looms, farms, barter, naval construction, raising of poultry and stock, weaving of silk and cotton, distilleries, etc. , are things encountered at every step, and considering the time and the conditions in the islands, prove that there was life, there was activity, there was movement. The Filipinos in spite of the climate, in spite of their few needs (they were less then than now), were not the indolent creatures of our time†¦their ethics and their mode of life were not what is not complacently attributed to them. How is it strange, then, that discouragement may have been infused into the spirit of the inhabitants of the Philippines, when in the midst of so many calamities they did not know whether they would see sprout the seed they were planting, whether their field was going to be their grave or their crop would go to feed their executioner? He who does not act freely is not responsible for his actions; and the Filipino people, not being master of its liberty, is not responsible for either its misfortunes or its woes. We say this, it is true, but, as well as seen later on, we also have a large part in the continuation of such a disorder. Of no little importance were the hindrance and obstacles that from the beginning were thrown in the farmer’s way by the rules, who were influenced by childish fear and saw everywhere signs of conspiracies and uprisings. The natives were not allowed to go to their labors, that is, their farms, without permission of the governor, or of his agents and officers, and even of the priests as Morga says†¦ A modern French traveler who was in the Philippines for a long time says, â€Å"†¦the governor, the foremost official of the district†¦monopolizes all the business and instead of developing on his part the love of work, instead of stimulating the too natural indolence of the natives, he with abuse of his powers thinks only of destroying all competition that may trouble him or attempts to participate in his profits. It matters little to him that the country is impoverished, without cultivation, without commerce, without industry, just so the governor is quickly enriched. † All the Filipinos†¦know how many documents, what comings, how many stamped papers, how much patience is needed to secure from the government a permit for an enterprise. One must count upon the good will of this one, on the influence of that one, on a good bribe to another in order that the application be not pigeon-holed†¦And above all, great patience, great knowledge of how to get along, plenty of money, a great deal of politics, many salutations, great influence, plenty of presents and complete resignation! The trade with China†¦was not only prejudicial to Spain but also the life of her colonies; in fact, when the officials and private persons in Manila found an easy method of getting rich they neglected everything. They paid no attention either to cultivating the soil or to fostering industry†¦The pernicious example of the dominators in surrounding themselves with servants and despising manual or corporal labor as a thing unbecoming the nobility and chivalrous pride of the heroes of so many centuries; those lordly airs, which the natives have translated into tila ka castila, and the desire of the dominated to be the equal of the dominators, if not essentially, at east in their manners; all this had naturally to produce aversion to activity and fear or hatred of work. â€Å"Why work? † asked the natives. The curate says that the rich man will not go to heaven. The rich man on earth is liable to all kinds of trouble, to be appointed a cabeza de barangay†¦to be forced banker of the military chief of the town, who to reward him for favors received seizes his laborers and his stock in order to force him to beg money and thus easily pays up. Why be rich? †¦The native, whom they pretend to regard as an imbecile, is not so much so that he does not understand that it is ridiculous to work himself to death to become worse off. A proverb of his says the pig is cooked in its own lard, and as among his bad qualities he has the good one of applying to himself all the criticisms and censures he refers to live miserable and indolent rather than play the part of the wretched beast of burden. Along with gambling, which breeds dislike for steady and difficult toil by its promise of sudden wealth and its appeal to the emotions, with the lotteries, with the prodigality and hospitality of the Filipinos, went also, to swell the train of misfortunes, the religious functions the great number of fiestas, the long masses for the women to spend their mornings and the novenaries to spend their afternoons, and the nights for the processions and rosaries. Remember, that lack of capital and absence of means paralyze all movement, and you will see how the native was perforce (unavoidably) to be indolent for if any money might remain to him from the trials, imposts and exactions, he would have to give it to the curate for bulls, scapularies, candles, novenaries, etc. And if this does not suffice to form an indolent character†¦ recall then that the doctrine of his religion teach him to irrigate his fields in the dry season, not by means of canals but with masses and prayers; to preserve his stock during an epidemic with holy water, exorcisms and benedictions that cost five dollars an animal, to drive away the locusts by a procession with the image of St. Augustine, etc†¦We have noticed that the countries which believe most in miracles are the laziest, just as spoiled children are the most ill-mannered. Whether they believe in miracles to palliate their laziness or they are lazy because they believe in miracles, we cannot say; but the fact is the Filipinos were much less lazy before the word miracle was introduced into their language. With the lack of confidence in the future, that uncertainty of reaping the reward of labor, as in a city stricken with plague, everybody yields to fate, shuts himself in his house or goes about amusing himself in an attempt to spend the few days that remain to him in the least disagreeable way possible. The apathy of the government itself toward everything in commerce and agriculture contributes not a little to foster indolence. There is no encouragement at all for the manufacturer or for the farmer, the government furnishes no aid either when a poor crop comers, when the locusts sweep over the fields, or when cyclone destroys in its passage the wealth of the soil†¦Why should it do so when these same products are burdened with taxes and imposts and have no free entry into the ports of the mother country, nor is their consumption there encouraged? And the principal and most terrible [reason] of all: the education of the native. From his birth until he sinks into his grave, the training of the native is brutalizing, depressive and anti-human†¦There is no doubt that the government, some priests like the Jesuits and some Dominicans like Padre Benavides, have done a great deal by founding colleges, schools of primary instruction, and the like. But this is not enough; their efforts are neutralized. They amount to five or ten years†¦during which the youth comes in contact with books selected by those very priests who boldly proclaim that it is evil for the natives to know Castilian, that the native should not be separated from his carabao, that he should not value any further aspirations, and so on †¦Thus while they attempt to make of the native a kind of animal, yet in exchange they demand of him divine actions†¦Deprive a man, then, of his dignity, and you not only deprive him of his moral strength but you also make useless for those who wish to make use of him. Every creature has its stimulus, its mainspring; man’s is his self-esteem. Take it away from him and he is a corpse, and he who seeks activity in a corpse will encounter only worms. Thus is explained how the natives of the present time are no longer the same as those of the time of the discovery, neither morally nor physically. The ancient writers, like Chirino, Morga, and Colin, take pleasure in describing them a well-featured, with good aptitudes for anything they take up, keen and susceptible and of resolute will, very clean and neat in their persons and clothing, and of good mien and bearing (Morga)†¦ In exchange, the writers of the present time, without being more gallant than Herman Cortez and Salcedo, nor more prudent than Legazpi, nor more manly than Morga, nor more prudent than Colin and Gaspar de San Agustin, our contemporary writers we say find that the native is a creature something more than a monkey but much less than a man, an anthropoid, dull-witted, stupid, timid, dirty, cringing, ill-clothed, indolent, lazy brainless, immoral, etc. tc. To what is this retrogression due? Is it the delectable civilization, the religion of salvation of the friars, called of Jesus Christ by euphemism, that has produced this miracle that has atrophied his brain, paralyzed his heart and made of the man this sort of vicious animal that the writers depict? Alas! The whole misfortune of the present Filipinos consists in that they have become only half-way brutes. The Filipino is convinced that to get happiness it is necessary for him to lay aside his dignity as a rational creature, to attend mass, to believe what is told him, to pay what is demanded of him, to pay and forever to pay; to work, suffer, and be silent, without aspiring anything, without aspiring to know or even to understand Spanish, without separating himself from his carabao, as the priests shamelessly say, without protesting against any injustice, against any arbitrary action, against an assault, against an insult; that is, not to have heart, brain, or spirit; a creature with arms and a purse of gold. . there’s the ideal native! unfortunately, or because the brutalization is not yet complete and because the nature of man is inherent in his being in spite of his condition, the native protests; he still has aspirations, he thinks and strives to rise, and there’s the trouble! Peoples and governments are correlated and complementary: a stupid government would be an a nomaly among righteous people, just as a corrupt people cannot exist under just rulers and wise laws. Like people, like government, we will say in paraphrase of a popular adage. The very limited training in the home, the tyrannical and sterile education of the rare centers of learning that blind subordination of the youth to one of greater age, influence the mind so that a man may not aspire to excel those who preceded him but must merely be content to go along with a march behind them. Stagnation forcibly results from this, and as he who devotes himself merely to copying divests himself of other qualities suited to his own nature, he naturally becomes sterile; hence decadence. Indolence is a corollary derived from the lack of stimulus and of vitality. That modesty infused into the convictions of everyone, or, to speak more clearly, that insinuated inferiority, a sort of daily and constant depreciation of the mind so that it may not be raised to the regions of life, deadens the energies, paralyzes all tendencies toward advancement, and of the least struggle a man gives up without fighting. If by one of those rare incidents, some wild spirit, that is some active one, excels, instead of his example stimulating, it only causes others to persist in their inaction. There’s one who will work for us; let’s sleep on! † say his relatives and friends. True it is that the spirit of rivalry is sometimes awakened, only that then it awakens with bad humor in the guise of envy, and instead of being a lever for helping, it is an obstacle that produces discouragement. Nurtured by the example of anchorites (monks) of a contemplative and lazy life, the natives spend theirs in giving their gold to the Church in the hope of miracles and other wonderful things. Their will is hypnotized: from childhood they learned to act mechanically, without knowledge of the object, thanks to the exercise imposed upon them from the most tender years of praying for whole hours in an unknown tongue, of venerating things that they do not understand, of accepting beliefs that are not explained to them, to having absurdities imposed upon them, while the protests of reason are repressed. Is it any wonder that with this vicious dressage of intelligence and will the native, should now be a mass of dismal contradictions? That continual struggle between reason and duty, between his organism and his new ideals, that civil war which disturbs the peace of his conscience all his life, has the result of paralyzing all his energies, and aided by the severity of the climate, makes that eternal vacillation, of the doubts in his brain, the origin of his indolent disposition. â€Å"You can’t know more than this or that old man! † â€Å"Don’t aspire to be greater than the curate! † â€Å"You belong to an inferior race! â€Å"You haven’t any energy! † This is what they tell the child and they repeat it so often, it has perforce to become engraved in the mind and thence mould and pervade all his action. The child or youth who tries to be anything else is blamed with vanity and presumption; the curate ridicules him with cruel sarcasm, his relatives look upon him with fear, strangers regard him with great compassion. No forward movement — Get back in the ranks and ke ep in line! With his spirit thus molded the native falls into the most pernicious (wicked; malicious; harmful) of all routines: routine not planned but imposed and forced†¦What he lacks is in the first place liberty to allow expansion to his adventuresome spirit, and good examples, beautiful prospects for the future. It is necessary that his spirit, store up energy, seek high purposes, in order to struggle against obstacles in the midst of unfavorable natural conditions. In order that he may progress it is necessary that a revolutionary spirit, so to speak, should boil in his veins, since progress necessarily requires the present; the victory of new ideas over the ancient and accepted one†¦all the flattering promises of the fairest hopes will not suffice, so long as his spirit is not free, his intelligence is not respected. Convinced by the insinuation of his inferiority, his spirit harassed by his education, if that brutalization of which we spoke above can be called education, in that exchange of usages and sentiments among different nations, the Filipino, to whom remain only his susceptibility and his oetical imagination, allows himself to be guided by his fancy and his self-love†¦ They have dazzled him with tinsel, with strings of colored glass beads, with noisy rattles, shining mirrors and other trinkets, and he has given in return his gold, his conscience, and even his liberty. He changed his religion for the external practices of another cult; the convictions and usages derived from his climate and needs, for other convictions that developed under another sky and another inspiration. His spirit, well-disposed toward everything that looks good to him, was then transformed, at the pleasure of the nation that forced upon him its God and its law, and as the trader with whom he dealt did not bring a cargo of useful implements of iron, hoes to till the fields, but stamped papers, crucifixes, bulls and prayer-books, as he did not have for ideal and prototype the tanned and vigorous laborer, but the aristocratic Lord carried in a luxurious litter, the result was that the imitative people became bookish, devout, prayerful; it acquired ideas of luxury and ostentation, without thereby improving the means of its substance to a corresponding degree.

The Study of Existents in Sandpiper Essays -- Ahdaf Soueif Sandpiper I

The Study of Existents in Sandpiper In a short story like "Sandpiper", where the protagonist does little except move around in her beach-house in an uneventful afternoon, thinking her thoughts, readers must look for an attraction alternative to the plot. Indeed, the writer, Ahdaf Soueif, has chosen to offer to us an interesting array of existents, in place of the story line, as the main focus of this narrative. In the following essay, I shall discuss how existents--the collection of characters and setting--are used to invoke feelings of dispossession and displacement in the story "Sandpiper", which are essential in raising the main issue of the story, which is the question of one's identity. Having agreed that the event itself, a summer afternoon spent at a beach-house, is rather inconsequential, we go on to deduce that the actions of our characters, since they do not contribute to the plot, are actually reflections of their personality. This is what French structuralist, Tzvetan Todorov proposed as a characteristic of psychological narratives, narratives which place their main focus on the development of their characters (Chatman 114). We can therefore, identify distinctive traits belonging to the characters by observing their actions. The characters in this narrative are few: namely the protagonist, "I"; her estranged husband (she refers to him as "her lover"); her daughter, Lucy and her husband's old nanny, Um Sabir. Since it is only the protagonist that appears most often and to whom the readers interact directly, I shall focus most of my discussion based on her development . Our protagonist, "I," can be further differentiated into the narrator, I-now and the character, I-then. I-now is the present figure that has ... ...his narrative is such that we follow the chain of thoughts of our protagonist "I" as she considers the repercussions of her broken marriage. Since we only interact directly with her, we become persuaded to take her point of view, thus her problem becomes our problem too. In its effective use of character, by focusing the essay on one specific character and endowing her with specific traits relevant to bring out the issues concerned and by setting up the story in an environment that can both draw responses from the protagonist as well as clearly portray her feelings to us, "Sandpiper" has successfully raised the question on one's identity. Works Cited Soueif, Ahdaf. "Sandpiper". Sandpiper. London: Bloomsbury, 1997: 23 - 36. Chatman, Seymour. "Existents". Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell UP, 1978: 107 - 145.

Child abuse Essay

Child abuse is one of the biggest injustices of all time because it is a never ending cycle. Child abuse is the physical, sexual, or emotional mistreatment or neglect of a child. Children are young, innocent, and fragile. Their minds are like sponges, absorbing everything they see and feel. Thus, leading the children to being the advocate of child abuse when their older. Abused and neglected children are 11 times more likely to engage in criminal behavior as an adult. Therefore, child abuse leads the victims to not have the opportunity to a bright future. Neglect is the most common form of child abuse. Over 75% of children who experience maltreatment or abuse suffer from neglect. For every incident of neglect that’s reported, an estimated two incidents go unreported. Approximately one in ten young adults (9%) was cruelly neglected by parents or guardians during their childhood. Based on the interviews with 1,761 young adults between the ages of 18 to 24, one in 6 (16%) young adults were neglected at some point during their childhood, with one in 10 young adults (9%) severely neglected during their childhood. Based on the interviews with 2,275 children between the ages of 11 to 17, one in 7 (13.3%) secondary school children have been neglected at some point, with one in 10 children (9.8%) severely neglected. Based on the interviews with 2,160 parents or guardians of children under 11 years old, one in 20 (5%) of children under 11 have been neglected at least once before, with one in 30 (3.7%) severely neglected. On March 31, 201 2 (or in Scotland on July 2012), there were 21,666 children in the United Kingdom on the subject of child protection plans under the category of neglect. On March 31, 2012 (or in Scotland on July 31, 2012), 43% of all children on the subject of child protection plans in the United Kingdom were under the category of neglect. There were 18, 220 children were the subject of a child protection plan under the category of neglect in England on March 31, 2012. In England, 43% of all children subject of a child protection plan were under the category of neglect on March 31, 2012. There were 1,006 children on the child protection register under the category of neglect in Scotland on July 31, 2012. In Scotland, 37% of all children on the child protection register under the category of neglect on July 31, 2012. There were 1,040 children on the child protection register under the category of neglect in Northern Ireland on March 31,  2012. In Northern Ireland, 49% of all children on the child protection register were under the category of neglect on March 31, 2012. There were 1,400 children on the child protection register under the category of neglect in Wales on March 31, 2012. In Wales, 48% of all children on the child protection register were under the category of neglect in March 31, 2012. In England, about one in seven children who became the subject of a plan for neglect in 2011-2012 had been subject to a plan at least once before. There were 6.2 million children referred to Child Protective Services in 2011. About 3.7 million children were investigated for maltreatment by CPS in 2011. There were 676,569 children decided to be victims of abuse or neglect in 2011. The most common victims of abuse and neglect are children age 2 and under. More than 11% of victims had a reported disability. In the U.S., there are about 1,570 child victims per year caused by maltreatment and an average of 30 child fatality victims per week. Most child fatalities were under 4 years old (81.6%) with 42.4% less than one year old. In the U.S., 37% of states limit information on child deaths and accidents. In the U.S., the yearly estimated direct cost of medical care of child abuse and neglect is $33,333,619,510. In the U.S., the yearly estimated direct and indirect cost of child abuse and ne glect is $80,260,411,087. The percentage of states that do not obligate legal representation for victims in abuse and neglect is 39%. There are about 408,425 children in the foster care system. About 27,854 of those children aged out of foster care. The percentage of the general population that has a bachelor’s degree is 30%. The percentage of former foster children that have a bachelor’s degree is 3%. The percentage of the general population in jail or prison is greater than 1%. The percentage of former foster children incarcerated since age 17 that are males is 64%. The percentage of former foster children incarcerated that are females is 32.5%. The percentage of the general population who experience homelessness during a year is greater than 1%. The percentage of former foster children who experience homelessness after aging out of the system is 24%. The percentage of former foster children who are unemployed for 1 year after aging out is 61%. The percentage of former foster children who are unemployed for 5 years after aging out is 53.5%. Ronald T. is a victim of physical abuse, emotional maltreatment, and neglect.

Lincoln Electric Essay

Lincoln Electric’s CEO Massaro was correct in his assessment that, markets in developing countries would grow faster and yield a higher return. This strategy was critical and in alignment with the organization’s goal to reach 50% foreign sales revenue. As president of Lincoln Asia, Mike Gillespie faces a great challenge with his decision to enter the Indonesian market. If Mr. Gillespie does decide to enter Indonesia, he must also decide whether to do it alone or through a joint venture, and how to structure employee compensation. It looks like Gillespie conducted enough corporate anthropology research to identify viable consumer product needs that Lincoln Electric will be able to provide (stick consumables vs. automatic consumables segments). I understand that investing in Indonesia offers many benefits to the organization, mostly towards increased profit margins and market share of consumable products (for further information regarding the strategic planning for entering Indonesia see Exhibit 1). However, in my opinion, Gillespie does not have enough data to make an informed decision regarding this move. Fear of a rekindled Civil War, unstable inflation rates, and other activities in the country revealed both economic and political instability. Other issues to be considered include labor issues of Indonesia 1. I would recommend further market and cultural analysis to aid his decision-making. If Gillespie decides to enter Indonesia, it is my recommendation to enter with a partner. I support this recommendation because, through his own market analysis and consultation it was identified that due to the political structure a local partner with in-depth knowledge, and political connections would be essential for success. I understand that a joint venture will decrease Lincoln Electric’s profit margins, but in my opinion, the joint venture will minimize investment risk, especially if a partner is able to provide capital towards the cost of building a facility. Gillespie’s choice in partners should be based off of a predefined set of criteria. These criteria should include current relations/contracts with Lincoln Electric, current market share, knowledge of local market and culture, political and business contacts. The partner should also have the ability to withstand any financial risk toward this investment. See table 2 for a breakdown of both potential partners and how they compare to the criteria. I would recommend a joint venture with both companies (Tira and SSHJ). The reason for this recommendation is due to the diverse benefits, which both companies can bring to the venture. However, I have concerns regarding the loyalty of either partner to the Lincoln Electric brand. If we apply the social exchange theory to this situation, one could speculate that when more than one partner is included in a business relationship, the loyalty of each business partner may decreases due to competition and fear of favoritism 2. It is Gillespie’s intention to implement a piecework compensation structure and I support this decision. It is also the intent of Lincoln Electric to exceed minimum wage requirements and prevailing rates. Gillespie has concerns regarding the ability for all employees to meet minimum wage using piecework compensation. It is my recommendation to set the minimum daily quota at the minimum wage rate. I would also implement an aggressive performance bonus paying out monthly vs. annual. I would highly recommend further cultural analysis with a focus on time perceptions and labor perceptions of the local culture. The compensation structure should be adjusted as time goes on and favorable trends in compensation are identified.

Reflection on A&P ---- Be Your Self essays

Reflection on A&P Be Your Self essays In the movie industry there are directors trying to copy someone else ¡s style, wishing to create current film favorite. Among the entire scholars there are writers trying to imitate more successful authors. Nowadays people tend to be the product of other ¡s decision rather than what he really was, living in the world of other ¡s points of view. What ¡s more people regard it a taboo to defy the authority or the traditional value. However, the protagonist - Sammy in Updike ¡s story did make difference( you may think he didn ¡t weigh his option carefully to make a wise choice) He is my true model of integrity, being completely true to what is inside him - doing what he knew was right. Regardless of the immediate cost or sacrifice, he chose what he feels he must do, based on what if proper, not on what is expedient. He quitted his job for he disliked the way his manager treat the three bathing suit girls  ¡ After this come in here with your shoulders covered. It ¡s our Policy. ¡ Moreover, he thought,  ¡ once you being a gesture, it ¡s fatal not to go through with it ¡ So his acute saying of quitting the job wasn ¡t his false pride and ego or a manifestation to show his sympathy for the girl (even to attract the girl ¡s attention) but a strong love of liberty, and a detestation of hypocrisy. How true it was ¡ That ¡s policy for you. Policy is what the kingpins what. What the other want is juvenile delinquency ¡ Yet, it was a difficult choice of a moment or even a lifetime so unknown and often difficult, Sammy indeed choose the exception challenge path as  ¡ I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter. ¡ I feel that he stands above everyone else ¡s life, for he didn ¡t opt to the common route, the reliable life. The story shows me that truth and love are two of the most powerful things in the world; and when they both go together they cannot easily be withstood. Sammy is really the master of his ...

Preparing for the SAT How Many Hours is Enough

Preparing for the SAT How Many Hours is Enough SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Students online considering preparing for the SAT generally all have one big question: how many hours should I study for the SAT? When does prepping for the SAT become a waste of time? The short answer is that every hour helps, and unless you've already studied for 100 hours or more, it's not a waste of time yet. Why do you think that is? Why Students Need to Spend More Time Studying for the SAT The answer from research, from experience, from teachers and college counselers is absolutely clear. It's the natural combination of two factors. The first is that the SAT is so important in your life. A 100 point increase on average doubles your chance of getting into any given college, and raises your lifetime salary by $44,000. For almost all students, the value of increasing your SAT score is immense. The second reason is because the SAT is so studiable. A recent report shows that as few as 10 hours of focused studying can improve your SAT score by dozens of points. Students in any old SAT prep course improve their score by over a hundred points easily. In fact, we ourselves are so confident in your ability to improve (and the quality of our product) that PrepScholar even guarantee 160+ points on our online SAT prep program. You do the math: a better college, and a lifetime salary increase of $44k just for a few dozen hours of studying and spending a few hundred dollars on a good program. It'll be the best investment of time and money you've made in your life! Surely There's a Limit to the Benefits of SAT Study, Though? Yes, there is a limit, but for most people, the limit is their own willpower, motivation, and free time. In another blog post, I give some tips for overcoming these limitations. But suffice it to say, for almost all students, further studying will help. In fact, as a rule of thumb you should not even consider the possibility that you are studying too much unless you've hit the 100 hour mark. Students looking for a low benchmark so they can wing the SAT won't find solace in the facts above, but they are what they are. The SAT is important, and studying at the margin helps, even when you've already studied a lot. How to Tell You've Studied Enough First, if your score is 1520 or above, you've studied enough, even if you don't get perfect. I'll go into it in another blog post, but long story short, the difference between 1520 and 1600 often is just sampling noise. Second, the following only applies if you've studied more than 100 hours. If you have not studied 100 hours, do not pass go, do not collect $200, do not use the reasons below as excuses to stop studying. Likely they don't apply because you haven't even found your best way of preparing for the SAT yet. Third, a sign that you've studied enough is that you score has not improved by more than 40 points in the last forty hours of studying. Fourth, you might have studied enough if you're trying many different ways of studying (improving vocab, doing real practice, taking an online course, etc) and still don't improve. Found this article useful? Get a lot more helpful with our Free SAT Ebook!

Major Theories of Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Major Theories of Organizational Behavior - Essay Example In this paper we would discuss the ways the major organizational behavior theories have helped, guide the way for managers in the complex and changing global business environment. The principal purpose of organizational structure is one of control: to control the way people coordinate their actions to achieve organizational goals and to control the means used to motivate people to achieve these goals. At Microsoft (Dumaine, 1990), for example, the control problems facing Bill Gates were how to coordinate scientists' activities to make the best use of their talents and how to reward scientists when they developed innovative products. Gate's solution was to place scientists in small, self-contained teams and to reward them with stock in Microsoft based on team performance. For any organization, an appropriate structure is one that facilitates effective responses to problems of coordination and motivation - problems that can arise for any number of environmental, technological, or human reasons. As organizations grow and differentiate, the structure likewise evolves. Organizational structure can be managed and changed through the process of organizational design. At the same time that organizational structure is evolving, so is organizati

Biology summary of one cephalopod, one bivalve and one chiton of your Essay

Biology summary of one cephalopod, one bivalve and one chiton of your choosing - Essay Example ales use the hectocotylus (a special arm) to dispense packets of sperm (spermatophores) from the reproductive tract’s terminal organ/ cephalopod penis, into the mantle cavity of the females. In benthic octopuses, it is the third arm on the right that serves as the hectocolylus. A few months following this mating process, the males die, and in some octopus species, females have the conditions to keep viable sperms within their bodies until their eggs reach maturity. After fertilization of the eggs, the female lays approximately 200,000 eggs, but such numbers vary depending on the kind of species, genera, families, and the individual octopus. While open octopuses mainly feed on fish, other cephalopods and prawns, the bottom dwellers, on the other hand, feed mainly on clams, whelks, polychaete worms and crabs. Using paralyzing saliva, octopuses inject their prey and break down their bodies using their beaks. As for shelled molluscs, an octopus feeds on them by drilling a hole thr ough their shells, inject their degrading saliva into the hole and extract the inner soft tissues (Campbell & Reece, 2005, p. 86). Octopuses can live in various parts of the ocean such as the ocean floor, pelagic waters and on coral reefs. These organisms have a keen eye sight (that can recognize light polarizations), a good sense of touch and statocysts that detect sound. Octopuses have no internal or external skeletons to enable them squeeze through tight spaces, are intelligent, fast and can mimic shapes of other creatures when hunting for food and are able to avoid predation due to their speed, ability to camouflage, presence of venom and expulsion of ink (Campbell & Reece, 2005, p. 90). An example of a bivalve is a scallop. Scallops belong to the kingdom animalia, phylum millusca, class bivalvia, order ostreoida, sub-orders pectinoida and pectinina, superfamily pectinoidea and family pectinidae. Scallops are bilaterally symmetrical with the scallop composed of two valves/ halves; the